GP8800

GPR is a very useful tool in a variety of applications. Most popular uses of GPR are the non-destructive testing and mapping of objects inside the concrete, such as rebars, pipes, ducts, and cables. Other applications are...

GPR is a very useful tool in a variety of applications. Most popular uses of GPR are the non-destructive testing and mapping of objects inside the concrete, such as rebars, pipes, ducts, and cables. Other applications are infrastructure assessment (bridge decks, roads), utility location, archaeology, forensics, environmental studies (mapping contaminants), shallow geology and geophysics, mine exploration and safety, transportation (pavement thickness and density, ballast fouling), agriculture, military (UXO), sedimentology, glaciology, quarrying, space exploration.

Both. GPR can be used as a standalone unit if you work on specific applications and you are happy with a limited set of feedback and information. However, it is not a tool for every job you may have onsite. In concrete...

Both. GPR can be used as a standalone unit if you work on specific applications and you are happy with a limited set of feedback and information. However, it is not a tool for every job you may have onsite. In concrete applications, GPR can be used in combination with Ultrasound Tomography (Pundit Array: https://bit.ly/3cBBeTE) and Eddy Current Rebar locators (Profometer: https://bit.ly/39B0QhJ) to get a comprehensive approach.

Dielectric, also known as relative permittivity, is a unitless value that determines how fast EM waves travel in a specific medium. Its values range from 1 to 81, with lower values being better for GPR. Air, which is the...

Dielectric, also known as relative permittivity, is a unitless value that determines how fast EM waves travel in a specific medium. Its values range from 1 to 81, with lower values being better for GPR. Air, which is the best medium for radar waves has a value of 1 and seawater has a value of 81. Metal objects have infinite dielectric.

GPR can detect metallic and non-metallic targets below the surface. However, certain limitations exist, like the depth to target limitation. The rule of thumb is that GPR can detect almost any target if it is at least one...

GPR can detect metallic and non-metallic targets below the surface. However, certain limitations exist, like the depth to target limitation. The rule of thumb is that GPR can detect almost any target if it is at least one inch (2.54cm) in diameter and is buried at one foot (0.30m) or shallower. For example, it may be impossible for GPR to locate a 3-inches (7.6cm) plastic pipe down to 6 (1.82m) feet depth. Metallic targets are doing better with this rule.

No. Metal is a perfect reflector of GPR with an infinite dielectric, thus all EM energy is being reflected to the radar. Differently to GPR, Ultrasonic tomography can penetrate metal with only a partial reflection allowing...

No. Metal is a perfect reflector of GPR with an infinite dielectric, thus all EM energy is being reflected to the radar. Differently to GPR, Ultrasonic tomography can penetrate metal with only a partial reflection allowing to “see” behind metal objects.

Anything that emits at the same frequency range as GPR, from around 10MHz up to 6GHz, can be a potential source of noise for your data. Cell phone towers are a main source of interference. Collecting data close to cell...

Anything that emits at the same frequency range as GPR, from around 10MHz up to 6GHz, can be a potential source of noise for your data. Cell phone towers are a main source of interference. Collecting data close to cell phone towers will introduce significant noise levels into your data. Two-way radios, walkie-talkies and similar devices are also a source of interference. Also, the way an antenna is built and/or the method it uses to collect data can introduce noise into your data.

No. Data collection on GPR systems (GPx and GSx) is triggered by wheel movement. If you do not move the radar, then no data collection is happening. The wheel is acting also as an odometer, giving local coordinates on the...

No. Data collection on GPR systems (GPx and GSx) is triggered by wheel movement. If you do not move the radar, then no data collection is happening. The wheel is acting also as an odometer, giving local coordinates on the x-axis direction.

Proceq GP8800 and GP8100 GPRs have wheels and a certain clearance from the surface. If the wheels can move over the surface the GPR can collect data. Moving over conductive materials, e.g., aluminum, copper etc. can limit...

Proceq GP8800 and GP8100 GPRs have wheels and a certain clearance from the surface. If the wheels can move over the surface the GPR can collect data. Moving over conductive materials, e.g., aluminum, copper etc. can limit or even zero the depth penetration of your antenna.

2D Data are collected over single lines and give you a B-scan or radargram of the specific profile the radar has covered. The B-scan is a graphical representation of radar data (sequence of A-scans or traces) on an x-axis...

2D Data are collected over single lines and give you a B-scan or radargram of the specific profile the radar has covered. The B-scan is a graphical representation of radar data (sequence of A-scans or traces) on an x-axis which represents the distance and a z-axis which represents depth (or time). 3D data are collected over an area (e.g., using a grid of specific dimensions) and result in a data cube with two directional axis (x and y) and one depth axis (z). Such data cube is often sliced on different planes (C-scans) during data visualization. The most intuitive of those are horizontal cuts (top-down view) called time or depth-slices which are often used for interpreting subsurface targets.

GPR is not the ideal tool to calculate the rebar size. There is a technique where you can get approximate values for the rebar size by measuring the depth to the rebar from both in line and cross line data and the...

GPR is not the ideal tool to calculate the rebar size. There is a technique where you can get approximate values for the rebar size by measuring the depth to the rebar from both in line and cross line data and the difference will give an approximate diameter. There are more accurate and easier instruments to detect the rebar size and cover such as the Profometer PM8000 which can be used in combination with GPR for a holistic approach to your concrete investigations.

Rebar locators (Profometer: https://bit.ly/39B0QhJ) are the most economical and accurate solutions to map the first layer of rebars in concrete. They accurately measure the rebar cover independently of concrete properties...

Rebar locators (Profometer: https://bit.ly/39B0QhJ) are the most economical and accurate solutions to map the first layer of rebars in concrete. They accurately measure the rebar cover independently of concrete properties (dielectric). GPR can detect metallic and non-metallic targets that are deeper inside the concrete and can also detect larger voids inside the concrete, plastic conduits, and other non-metallic targets, as well as find the slab thickness and concrete bottom. If you already have a rebar locator, adding a GPR will give you complementary capabilities to deliver best in class results to your customers.

Air inside the concrete results in a partial reflection of the GPR signal, which allows you to detect larger voids. Thin delamination and small voids only give a small reflection and can typically be visualized using GPR....

Air inside the concrete results in a partial reflection of the GPR signal, which allows you to detect larger voids. Thin delamination and small voids only give a small reflection and can typically be visualized using GPR. Contrary to GPR, Ultrasound tomography results in a full reflection when interfacing air. This makes Ultrasound the ideal solution for investigation delaminations and small voids.

Yes. GPR, unlike other testing methods such as radiography, is totally safe for the operator. Our antennas are shielded and emit most of the EM energy down to the subsurface. Total emissions from GPR are a tiny fragment of...

Yes. GPR, unlike other testing methods such as radiography, is totally safe for the operator. Our antennas are shielded and emit most of the EM energy down to the subsurface. Total emissions from GPR are a tiny fragment of what a modern cellphone emits. You can get more information here https://www.osha.gov/radiofrequency-and-microwave-radiation and here https://bit.ly/2YoHkP7

That depends on the area you want to work and the local regulations. However, GPR surveys do not typically require a safety clearance because the method itself is not dangerous. If however, you work at a dangerous or...

That depends on the area you want to work and the local regulations. However, GPR surveys do not typically require a safety clearance because the method itself is not dangerous. If however, you work at a dangerous or sensitive area, e.g., refinery, mine, military or archaeological site you will need a license anyway. In order to comply with local rules please consult a local agency who can guide you accordingly.

Yes. ASTM has published the standard ASTMD6432–19, as a guide for using GPR for subsurface investigation. You can get more info here https://www.astm.org/Standards/D6432.htm There are several other standards related to...

Yes. ASTM has published the standard ASTMD6432–19, as a guide for using GPR for subsurface investigation. You can get more info here https://www.astm.org/Standards/D6432.htm There are several other standards related to specific applications of GPR.

Yes, unlike the competitors who use batteries characterized as dangerous goods for aviation, Screening Eagle’s GPR use standard rechargeable NiMH C-batteries which can fly with you, ship with no restrictions, and most...

Yes, unlike the competitors who use batteries characterized as dangerous goods for aviation, Screening Eagle’s GPR use standard rechargeable NiMH C-batteries which can fly with you, ship with no restrictions, and most importantly can be bought locally if needed.

Unlike Pulsed-GPR broadcasting a signal centered around one frequency, resulting in a trade-off of resolution and depth for inspecting, stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) has the advantage to broadcast an ultra...

Unlike Pulsed-GPR broadcasting a signal centered around one frequency, resulting in a trade-off of resolution and depth for inspecting, stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) has the advantage to broadcast an ultra wide-band range of modulated frequencies. The combination of all frequency response enables detection of objects from shallow to deep depth in one scan.

The SEGY (sometimes SEG Y) file format is a commonly used data standard for the exchange of geophysical data. It is mainly used for Seismic data, but also for saving GPR raw data. Our GPR SEGY files can also be used for...

The SEGY (sometimes SEG Y) file format is a commonly used data standard for the exchange of geophysical data. It is mainly used for Seismic data, but also for saving GPR raw data. Our GPR SEGY files can also be used for post-processing data.

The most typical data collection is when the Tx-Rx pair (Transmitter and Receiver of the GPR antenna) moves in parallel with the line that you are collecting data. When the antenna is in its standard position, metallic...

The most typical data collection is when the Tx-Rx pair (Transmitter and Receiver of the GPR antenna) moves in parallel with the line that you are collecting data. When the antenna is in its standard position, metallic targets will appear brighter than non-metallic ones. That leads to radargrams with very bright metallic targets and very weak non-metallic targets. Sometimes, the reflection from the metallic targets can disguise completely any reflection from nonmetallic ones or can hide the bottom of the concrete slab. This way of data collection is often called in-line data collection. 

In order to see non-metallic targets clearer, an antenna can be reversed by 90 degrees to the line (make diagram). Now, the scan is more sensitive to the non-metallic targets. Metallic targets will appear less bright than during the in-line data collection. Concrete slab bottom will also become clearly visible. This way of data collection is called cross-polarized data collection or cross-polarization.